Lydia P Brownlow
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THE SCIENCE BEHIND

SOLAR SAIL PROPULSION

Solar sails use light particles (photons) to push them across space, much the same way boats use wind in their sails to push them across the water.  Solar sails are large and therefore must be folded up for launch and unfurled in space. ​
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​Photo of IKAROS taken in deep space (image captured by a small camera ejected from the sail)
​Though the concept has been around since at least the 1800s, the first successful solar sail mission began in 2010 with IKAROS, launched by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency. Since then, other successful experiments and missions have been carried out by several nations and organizations.
Video: "Solar Sailing with Bill Nye," 2020.
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES​
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Solar-sailing probes may soon get their moment in the sun
by Leonard David
for Space.com, January 2023.

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Lightsail 2 Unfurls Solar Sail and Begins Travelling Through Space
NewScientist, 2019.

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Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
Information about IKAROS, the first successful solar sail in space.

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NASA-tested four-quadrant solar sail
Image & description.
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Explanation of how solar sails work
by Matteo Ceriotti, University of Glasgow, The Conversation, 2015. Explanatory text, videos and diagrams. "How to sail through space on sunbeams -- solar satellite leads the way." 

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NASA article
"Advanced Composite Solar Sail System: using Sunlight to Power Deep Space Exploration," updated April 2024.

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Reinventing Solar Sail Technology to Push Space Exploration Boundaries
UCLA Samueli School of Engineering, 2021.​
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